公文中高频词“全面”怎么翻译？

“全面”一词在政府公文中十分常见，没有放之四海皆准的译法，但还是要根据具体语境和意义选词。

以下例句均出自十九大报告双语。

“全面”一词一般和动作搭配，修饰动作，比如“全面建设小康社会”、“全面深化改革”。最常见的译法是处理成状语，比如in all respects/areas, on all fronts, in every respect/dimension, across the board，或者副词：

全面建成小康社会 build a moderately prosperous society in all aspects

全面深化改革 deepen reform in all areas

全面从严治军 govern the military with strict discipline in every respect

改革全面发力、多点突破、纵深推进 We have taken moves across the board, achieved breakthroughs in many areas, and made deeper progress in reform.

推动形成全面开放新格局 make new ground in pursuing opening up on all fronts/in all areas

全党要深刻领会新时代中国特色社会主义思想的精神实质和丰富内涵，在各项工作中全面准确贯彻落实。Everyone in the Party should develop a good grasp of the essence and rich implications of the Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and fully and faithfully apply it in all our work.

我国物质文明、政治文明、精神文明、社会文明、生态文明将全面提升。New heights are reached in every dimension of material, political, cultural and ethical, social, and ecological advancement.

这句话中，“全面”表示的是物质、政治、精神、社会、生态等各个方面的文明，所以用了in every dimension of...，每一个维度方面都有提升advancement.

全面实施市场准入负面清单制度 We will introduce a negative list for market access nationwide.

这句话中要注意的是，“全面”并不是针对实施力度，而是针对实施的范围，是全国范围内的，所以处理为nationwide。

这些动作也经常处理为名词，比如最常见的efforts, steps，所以“全面”也相应地处理为形容词，比如comprehensive, all-round, overall，修饰经名词化处理的动作。

比如：上个部分有一句：

全面深化改革，也可以这样翻译：take comprehensive steps to deepen reform

坚持全面从严治党 exercise full and rigorous governance over the Party

全面节约资源有效推进Across-the-board efforts to conserve resources have seen encouraging progress

牢牢掌握宪法和基本法赋予的中央对香港、澳门全面管治权 We have ensured that the central government exercises its overall jurisdiction over Hong Kong and Macao as mandated by China's Constitution and the basic laws of the two special administrative regions.

全面推进中国特色大国外交 We have made all-round efforts in the pursuit of major country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics

全面加强党的领导 We have made sweeping efforts to strengthen Party leadership

推动人的全面发展、社会全面进步 promote well-rounded human development and all-round social progress

值得注意的是，这个all-round经常用来形容人的能力很全面，比如：培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人 nurture a new generation of capable young people who have a good and all-round moral, intellectual, physical, and aesthetical grounding and are well-prepared to join the socialist cause

有时候，文件里喜欢用一些缩略语，比如“三个代表”、“四个全面”。此时不能简单照字面翻译为four comprehensives，而要把缩略的搭配词补充翻译出来，作为“全面”的修饰对象，就比如这个“四个全面”：

the four-pronged comprehensive strategy: to make comprehensive moves to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, deepen reform, advance law-based governance, and strengthen Party self-governance

当然，也有时候“全面”一词并没有直接体现，而是和它搭配的动词一起用用一个英文动词高度概括了出来，比如：

社会主义协商民主全面展开 Socialist consultative democracy is flourishing.

这个“全面展开”主要体现的就是热火朝天的动作势头，用flourish一词概括了。